Introduction to the Future Combat Air System (FCAS) Program
The Future Combat Air System (FCAS) program is a pan-European initiative aimed at developing a next-generation combat aircraft, known as the New Generation Fighter (NGF). The program is led by France and Germany, with Spain and Belgium also participating as junior partners. The FCAS program is designed to replace the current fleet of Eurofighter Typhoon combat aircraft with a new “system of systems,” including a crewed fighter, uncrewed platforms, next-generation weapons, networks, and data sharing.
Cracks in the FCAS Program
However, recent reports suggest that cracks are appearing in the FCAS program, with Germany expressing concerns over the workshare arrangements. German defense officials are reportedly unhappy with French demands to have a disproportionate share of the program, with some estimates suggesting that France wants an 80% share of the work on the NGF combat jet. This has led to tensions between the two major partners, with Germany exploring alternative options, including continuing with the FCAS program without France or teaming up with other countries, such as the United Kingdom or Sweden.
Germany’s Options
Germany’s options for moving forward with the FCAS program are limited. One possibility is to continue with the program without France, although this is highly questionable in terms of feasibility. Another option is to team up with the United Kingdom or Sweden, although this would require significant changes to the program’s structure and timeline. The German government is also considering purchasing additional F-35A fighter jets from the United States as a bridging solution before the FCAS program comes online.
The UK-Led FCAS Program
The United Kingdom is also developing its own FCAS program, known as the Tempest, which is planned to include a crewed fighter, uncrewed platforms, next-generation weapons, networks, and data sharing. The Tempest program is part of the Global Combat Air Program (GCAP), which aims to field a new fighter and supporting systems around 2040. The UK-led FCAS program is seen as a potential alternative to the pan-European FCAS program, although it is unclear whether Germany would be willing to join the program.
Sweden’s FCAS Initiative
Sweden is also developing its own FCAS initiative, which includes a potential new-generation crewed fighter and a series of drones intended to work alongside it. Saab, the Swedish aerospace company, has presented concepts for a new-generation crewed fighter and drones, although it is unclear whether Sweden’s FCAS initiative will be compatible with the pan-European FCAS program.
Implications for the FCAS Program
The current tensions between Germany and France over the FCAS program have significant implications for the program’s future. The timeline to get the aircraft and other systems into service is already very tight, and delays could have significant consequences for the countries involved. The growing Russian threat on NATO’s eastern flank also underscores the need for a robust and effective air combat capability.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the FCAS program is at a crossroads, with significant tensions between Germany and France over workshare arrangements. Germany’s options for moving forward with the program are limited, and it is unclear whether the program will be able to overcome its current challenges. The UK-led FCAS program and Sweden’s FCAS initiative offer potential alternatives, although it is unclear whether these programs will be compatible with the pan-European FCAS program. Ultimately, the future of the FCAS program will depend on the ability of the countries involved to work together and overcome their differences.